Why there's no single number
RSVP rates depend on factors that vary from one party to the next: how the invitation was sent, whether a deadline was set, how easy it was to reply, how well the parents know each other, and what time of year it is. An invitation posted in a group chat without a deadline behaves very differently from one with its own reply link and a set date. That's why the honest answer is that you can't plan around a percentage—you need to plan around a process.
Silence rarely means no
This is the most important interpretation, and the one most people get wrong. A parent who hasn't replied has usually not decided against coming. They read the invitation at an inconvenient moment and put off answering. If you treat silence as a no, you end up booking too little. If you treat it as "not yet," you do the right thing: you send one polite follow-up and plan with a buffer.
How to calculate realistically
Start with the confirmed yeses and add a small buffer for those who haven't replied. How large the buffer should be depends on the cost of one extra child, not on a percentage: if the marginal cost is low, such as at home, you can be generous. If you're paying per child at a play center, ask what the last possible date is to change the number and use that date as your real RSVP deadline.
How to raise your response rate
Three steps make the biggest difference, and they all reduce friction. Send the invitation directly to one parent instead of a group. Make replying a single tap, not a message they have to write. Set a deadline with a reason, such as needing to report numbers to the venue. Add one friendly reminder a few days later, and you've done everything that is actually in your control.
When you have to book before everyone has replied
It almost always happens. Ask the venue three things when you book: the final deadline for changing the headcount, what an extra child costs, and whether you get a refund for a child who doesn’t show. Their answers tell you whether to book low and adjust upward or book high and keep some wiggle room. Most places accept an extra child more easily than they refund an unused spot, so a small margin is the safest bet.